In March 2006, the oceanographic cruise "Fin Whale Sicily Strait" (FWSS) was conducted around Lampedusa Island (Pelagian Archipelago, Italy) in the Strait of Sicily. Due to its unique morphological, hydrological, and hydrodynamic features, this area significantly influences the distribution and composition of the plankton community; furthermore, it plays a critical role in understanding the hydrodynamic and biological exchanges between the Western and Eastern Mediterranean basins. Data collected during this study revealed high sea surface temperatures and an increase in salinity below a depth of 200 meters, enabling the identification of two distinct water masses: Atlantic Water and Levantine Intermediate Water. Regarding the euphausiid assemblage, seven species belonging to five genera were identified: Thysanopoda aequalis, Meganyctiphanes norvegica, Euphausia krohnii, Euphausia hemigibba, Nematoscelis megalops, Stylocheiron abbreviatum, and Stylocheiron longicorne. This study provides a preliminary baseline on the distribution and abundance of Euphausiacea in the Strait of Sicily.